Questions to prepare for classes and examination
• Typical forms of disordered immunological reactivity.
• Principles of classification of immunodeficiency states.
• Primary immunodeficiencies: classification and clinical manifestations.
• Forms of primary immunodeficiency (causes, mechanisms, clinical manifestations):
— B-system-dependent;
— T-system-dependent;
— A-system-dependent;
— complement-dependent;
— combined.
• Secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency states. AIDS.
• Physiological and pathological tolerance.
• Graft-versus-host disease.
• The notion of the hypersensitivity reaction, allergy, atopic allergy.
• Types of allergens. Exogenous and endogenous allergens:
— heterologous, homologous and autologous allergens.
• Stages of allergy:
— immunological stage;
— pathochemical stage;
— clinical manifestations.
• Anaphylactic (I) type of allergy. The nature of allergen and antibody. Mediators of the anaphylactic reaction.
• Clinical examples of the IgE-medited diseases. Systemic and local anaphylaxis.
• Type II hypersensitivity. The nature of allergen and antibody. Mechanisms and clinical examples of type II allergies. Complement-dependent reactions and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
• Type III hypersensitivity. The nature of allergen and antibody.
— Mechanisms and clinical examples of type III allergies. Systemic and local immune complex disease.
• Type IV hypersensitivity. The nature of allergen and antibody.
• Autoimmune diseases.
• Principles of diagnostics and therapy of allergic diseases. Desensitization and nonspecific approach in the treatment of anaphylactic diseases.
N 26
A patient who had undergone a surgical intervention for gallstones presented with a slow healing of the postoperative wound, its infection, and fever. The use of antibiotics (after sensitivity tests) had positive effect. Investigation of the patient's blood showed leukopenia due to a decreased neutrophils and monocytes, a decreased mobility of leukocytes and a low activity of leukocytic myeloperoxidase. Similar abnormalities were found in the patient's sister and brother.