Questions to prepare for classes and examination
• Definition of anemia and its classification.
• Anemias of blood loss: types, causes, hematological signs.
• Hemolytic anemias: types, common causes, manifestations, hematological signs.
• Hereditary spherocytosis: pathogenesis, manifestations, hematological signs.
• Sickle cell disease: pathogenesis, manifestations, hematological signs.
• Thalassemia syndromes: types, pathogenesis, manifestations, hematological signs.
• Megaloblastic anemias: types, causes, pathogenesis, manifestations, hematological signs.
• Iron deficiency anemia: causes, pathogenesis, manifestations, hematological signs.
• Aplastic anemia: causes and pathogenesis, hematological signs.
• Erythrocytosis: causes and mechanisms
N 66
A 5-year-old female patient Z. was admitted to hospital with a preliminary diagnosis of pneumonia. On admission: the skin and conjunctiva appeared jaundiced, the body temperature was 39 °C, the spleen and liver were enlarged, the urine was dark; the patient complained of an acute pain in the back, in the right anterior abdomen, in the leg's muscles. An X-ray investigation of the chest revealed signs of bronchopneumonia. Blood tests showed the following: Hb 69 g/L, erythrocytes 2.3x1012/L, MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) 30 pg; the presence of poikilocytosis and anisocytosis of erythrocytes. The urine test revealed the presence of Hb. During electrophoretic investigation of the patient's Hb the HbS type was found in addition to HbA.