10. TYPICAL DISTURBANCES OF ACID-BASE BALANCE

I. Which of the following pathological conditions are accompanied by elevated PaCO₂?

1. Diabetes mellitus.

2. Cardiac insufficiency.

3. Respiratory insufficiency.

4. Vomiting.

5. Diarrhea.

6. Lung arteriolar-venous bypass.

II. Select the pair with which respiratory acidosis is associated.

1. Increased [HCO₃^-] and normal PaCO₂.

2. Increased [HCO₃^-] and increased PaCO₂.

3. Decreased [HCO₃^-] and decreased PaCO₂.

4. Increased [HCO₃^-] and decreased PaCO₂.

5. Decreased [HCO₃^-] and normal PaCO₂.

III. Compared to normal the urinary excretion of acids in metabolic acidosis is best characterized by the following patterns:

1. Increased [HCO₃^-], increased NH₄⁺, increased titratible acid.

2. Decreased [HCO₃^-], increased NH₄⁺, decreased titratible acid.

3. Decreased [HCO₃^-], increased NH₄⁺, increased titratible acid.

4. Decreased [HCO₃^-], decreased NH₄⁺, increased titratible acid.

5. Decreased [HCO₃^-], decreased NH₄⁺, decreased titratible acid.

IV. Normal value of the ratio of [HCO₃^-] to dissolved CO₂ in arterial blood is:

1. 5:1.

2. 10:1.

3. 20:1.

4. 30:1.

V. What data are most probable in a patient who suffered from severe diarrhea for about 1.5 hours?

1. pH=7.32, PaCO₂=32 mm Hg, enhanced titrable acidity, increased NH₄⁺ excretion.

2. pH=7.42, PaCO₂=46, normal titrable acidity, normal NH₄⁺ excretion.

3. pH=7.50, PaCO₂=32, decreased titrable acidity, decreased NH₄⁺ excretion.

VI. The arterial pH is 7,25 and the arterial CO₂ tension is 40 mm Hg. This acid-base status is most likely to be:

1. Nonrespiratory acidosis with respiratory compensation.

2. Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation.

3. Nonrespiratory acidosis without respiratory compensation.