Single and multiple-choice questions.
«Biology of the cell»
1. Cells were discovered by:
a) M. Schleiden;
b) R. Hooke;
c) T. Schwann;
d) R. Virchow.
2. Attributed to noncellular life forms are:
a) Virus;
b) Bacteria;
c) Plants;
d) Animals.
3. Prokaryotes are:
a) Animals;
b) Viruses;
c) Bacteria;
d) Mushrooms.
4. Eukaryote are:
a) Animals;
b) Viruses;
c) Archaea;
d) Bacteria.
5. Cellular wall of bacteria consists of:
a) Murein;
b) Celluloses;
c) Chitin;
d) Glycogen.
6. Genetic material of prokaryote is presented:
a) Nucleus;
b) Nucleolus;
c) Nucleoid;
d) Lisosoma.
7. Two-membrane organelles:
a) Mitochondria;
b) Endoplasmic reticulum;
c) Golgi bodies;
d) Lysosomes;
e) Plastids;
f) Ribosomes;
g) Centrosome.
8. The functions of the rough ER are:
a) Protein synthesis;
b) Production of lysosomes;
c) Destruction of defective organelles;
d) Photosynthesis;
e) ATP synthesis.
9. Organelles containing dna:
a) Mitochondria;
b) Endoplasmic reticulum;
c) Golgi bodies;
d) Lysosomes;
e) Ribosomes;
f) Plastids;
g) Centrosome.
10. Two subunits have:
a) Microfilaments;
b) Flagella;
c) Endoplasmic reticulum;
d) Golgi bodies;
e) Ribosomes;
f) Centrosome.
11. Choose the cytoplasmic inclusions:
a) Calcium oxalate crystals;
b) Centrioles;
c) Grain starch;
d) Pigments;
e) Ribosomes;
f) Microfilaments.
12. Which organelles have cristae:
a) Chloroplasts;
b) Mitochondria;
c) Endoplasmic reticulum;
d) Lysosomes;
e) Centrosome.
13. Which organelles participate in cell division:
a) Golgi bodies;
b) Centrioles;
c) Chloroplasts;
d) Ribosomes;
e) Vacuoles.
14. Endocytosis is an example of:
a) Passive transport, substances are moved into the cell;
b) Active transport, substances are moved out of the cell;
c) Passive transport, substances are moved out of the cell.
15. The active transport:
a) Requires ATP;
b) Does not require ATP;
c) Uses carrier molecules;
d) Facilitated transport uses carrier molecules.
16. Fluid-mosaic model l of the plasma membrane discovery:
a) Singer and Nicolson;
b) Schwann and Schleiden;
c) Watson and Francis Crick;
d) Hooke and Leeuwenhoek.
17. Which of the following describes the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure?
a) Phospholipid monolayer with embedded proteins;
b) Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins;
c) Phospholipid trilayer with embedded proteins;
d) Triglyceride bilayer with embedded proteins;
e) Triglyceride monolayer with embedded proteins.
18. Examples of active transport:
a) Diffusion;
b) Osmosis;
c) Sodium-potassium pump;
d) Phagocytosis.
19. Which type of solution will cause cells to swell or even burst:
a) Isotonic solution;
b) Hypotonic solution;
c) Hypertonic solution;
d) Physiological solution.
20. Which of the following solutions is isotonic to red blood cells?
a) 0.5% NaCl;
b) 0.9% NaCl;
c) 1.5% NaCl;
d) 2.5% NaCl;
e) 5.5% NaCl.
21. Which term best describes the condition of plant cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?
a) Haemolysis;
b) Plasmolysis;
c) Crenation;
d) Turgor pressure;
e) Osmotic pressure.
22. Basic components of the cell nucleus:
a) Nuclear envelope;
b) Nucleoplasm;
c) Ribosome;
d) Nucleoid;
e) Nucleolus;
f) Cytoplasm;
g) Chromatin.
23. The substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of strands of dna, rna, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division:
a) Nucleus;
b) Chromatin;
c) Nuclear pore;
d) Cytoplasm.
24. Monomer in dna:
a) Nucleotide;
b) Nucleoid;
c) Nucleosome;
d) Nucleic acids;
e) Amino acid.
25. Normal humans have______pairs of autosomes and_________pair(s) of sex chromosomes:
a) 23 and 23;
b) 23 and 2;
c) 46 and 1;
d) 22 and 1.
26. The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed dna template bases are:
a) Replicases;
b) DNA polymerases;
c) Helicases;
d) None of the above.
27. A type of chromosome that shows the abnormal karyotype:
a) Metacentric;
b) Acrocentric;
c) Submetacentric;
d) Telocentric.
28. Less condensed and capable of gene transcription — most chromosomal regions in non-dividing cells:
a) Chromosome;
b) Chromonema;
c) Heterochromatin;
d) Euchromatin.
29. 30% G = ___% T:
a) 20;
b) 29;
c) 33;
d) 48;
e) 65.
30. Help protect dna sequences from being damage:
a) Centromere;
b) Kinetochore;
c) Telomere;
d) Short arm;
e) Microtubules.
31. A chromatid is:
a) One of the strands or arms of a chromosome;
b) The point of attachment of two strands of a chromosome;
c) A chromosome before it becomes visible during cell division.
32. Which one is the correct sequence of the cell cycle?