только для медицинских специалистов
Консультант врача. Электронная медицинская библиотека

Консультант врача

Электронная медицинская библиотека

Доступ к библиотеке Версия для слабовидящих
Раздел 9 / 14
Страница 1 / 1

6. Список литературы

  1. Practice Guidelines for Management of the Difficult Airway: An updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on management of the difficult airway. Anesthesiology 2013; 118:251-70.
  2. Cheney F.W., Posner K.L., Lee L.A., et al. Trends in anesthesia-related death and brain damage: a closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 2006; 105:1081-1086.
  3. Domino K.B., Posner K.L., Caplan R.A., Cheney F.W.: Airway injury during anesthesia: A closed claims analysis. Anesthesiology 1999; 91:1703–11.
  4. Metzner J., Posner K.L., Lam M.S., Domino K.B. Closed claims’ analysis. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2011; 25(2):263-76.
  5. Miller, C.G.: Management of the Difficult Intubation in Closed Malpractice Claims. ASA Newsletter 2000; 64(6):13-16 & 19.
  6. Cook T.M., MacDougall-Davis S.R. Complications and failure of airway management. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Dec;109 Suppl 1:i68-i85.
  7. Cook T.M., Woodall N., Frerk C.; Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 2011 May;106(5):617-31.
  8. Долбнева Е.Л., Стамов В.И., Мизиков В.М., Бунятян А.А. «Трудные дыхательные пути» – частота встречаемости в РФ и пути решения». Тезисы XIV Съезда Федерации анестезиологов и реаниматологов, стр. 116-117.
  9. Miller's Anesthesia, 7th Edition. By Ronald D. Miller, MD, Lars I. Eriksson, Lee A. Fleisher, MD, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, MD and William L. Young, 2012. 3312 pages
  10. Алгоритмы действий при критических ситуациях в анестезиологии. Рекомендации всемирной федерации обществ анестезиологов. Под редакцией Брюса Маккормика (Bruce McCormick). Русское издание под редакцией Э.В.Недашковского. Архангельск: СГМА, – 122 с. – ISBN 978-5-85879-763-0. Главы: «План интубации трахеи», «Непредвиденно сложная интубация», «Сценарий «не могу интубировать - не могу вентилировать».
  11. Анестезиология: национальное руководство/Под ред. А.А. Бунятяна, В.М. Мизикова - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2013. - 1104 с. - (Серия "Национальные руководства"). Мизиков В.М., Долбнева Е.Л. Глава 11. Поддержание проходимости дыхательных путей и проблема «трудной интубации трахеи».
  12. Буров Н.Е., Волков О.И. Тактика и техника врача-анестезиолога при трудной интубации. Клин анестезиол и реаниматол. 2004, т.1, №2, С. 68-74.
  13. Буров Н.Е. Протокол обеспечения проходимости дыхательных путей. (Обзор литературы и материалов совещания главн. Анестезиологов МЗСР РФ.2005). Клин анестезиол. и реаниматол. 2005, т.2., №3, С. 2-12.
  14. Молчанов И.В., Буров Н.Е., Пулина Н.Н., Черкавский О.Н. Алгоритм действия врача при трудной интубации. Клиническая практика №2, 2012: 51-57.
  15. Молчанов И. В., Заболотских И. Б., Магомедов М. А.. Трудный дыхательный путь с позиции анестезиолога-реаниматолога пособие для врачей. Петрозаводск: ИнтелТек, 2006. —128 с.
  16. Stefan De HertM, Sven Staender, Gerhard Fritsch, Jochen Hinkelbein, et al. Preoperative evaluation of adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery Updated guideline from the European Society of AnaesthesiologyEur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 35:407–465.
  17. Roth D., Pace N.L., Lee A., Hovhannisyan K., Warenits A.M., Arrich J., Herkner H. Airway physical examination tests for detection of difficult airway management in apparently normal adult patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 15;5:CD008874. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008874.pub2.
  18. Ferrari L.R., Bedford R.F.: General anesthesia prior to treatment of anterior mediastinal masses in pediatric cancer patients.Anesthesiology 1990; 72:991–5.
  19. Siyam M.A., Benhamou D. Difficult endotracheal intubation in patients with sleep apnea syndrome. Anesth Analg 2002; 95:1098–1102.
  20. Khan Z.H., Mohammadi M., Rasouli M.R., et al. The diagnostic value of the upper lip bite test combined with sternomental distance, thyromental distance, and interincisor distance for prediction of easy laryngoscopy and intubation: a prospective study. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:822–824.
  21. Tremblay M.H., Williams S., Robitaille A., Drolet P. Poor visualization during direct laryngoscopy and high upper lip bite test score are predictors of difficult intubation with the GlideScope1 videolaryngoscope. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1495–1500.
  22. Roth D., Pace N.L., Lee A., Hovhannisyan K., Warenits A.M., Arrich J., Herkner H. Airway physical examination tests for detection of difficult airway management in apparently normal adult patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018, Issue 5. Art. No.: CD008874. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008874.pub2.
  23. el-Ganzouri A.R., McCarthy R.J., Tuman K.J., Tanck E.N., Ivankovich A.D. Preoperative airway assessment: predictive value of a multivariate risk index. Anesth Analg 1996; 82: 1197-204.
  24. Wilson M.E., Spiegelhalter D., Robertson J.A., Lesser P. Predicting difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 1988; 61: 211-6.
  25. Nørskov A.K., Rosenstock C.V., Wetterslev J., Astrup G., Afshari A., Lundstrøm L.H. Diagnostic accuracy of anaesthesiologists’ prediction of difficult airway management in daily clinical practice: a cohort study of 188 064 patients registered in the Danish Anaesthesia Database. Anaesthesia 2015; 70: 272–81.
  26. Mallin M., Curtis K., Dawson M., Ockerse P., Ahern M. Accuracy of ultrasoundguided marking of the cricothyroid membrane before simulated failed intubation. Am J Emerg Med 2014; 32: 61–3.
  27. Gambee A.M., Hertzka R.E., Fisher D.M.: Preoxygenation techniques: Comparison of three minutes and four breaths. Anesth Analg 1987; 66:468–70.
  28. Goldberg M.E., Norris M.C., Larijani G.E., Marr A.T., Seltzer J.L.: Preoxygenation in the morbidly obese: A comparison of two techniques. Anesth Analg 1989; 68:520–2.
  29. Dixon BJ, Dixon JB, Carden JR, et al. Preoxygenation is more effective in the 25 degrees head-up position than in the supine position in severely obese patients: a randomized controlled study. Anesthesiology 2005; 102: 1110-5.89.
  30. Altermatt FR, Munoz HR, Delfino AE, Cortinez LI. Preoxygenation in the obese patient: effects of position on tolerance to apnoea. Br J Anaesth 2005; 95: 706-9
  31. Harbut P., Gozdzik W., Stjernfält E., Marsk R., Hesselvik J.F. Continuous positive airway pressure/pressure support pre-oxygenation of morbidly obese patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 Jul;58(6):675-80. doi: 10.1111/aas.12317. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
  32. Heinrich S., Horbach T., Stubner B., Prottengeier J., Irouschek A., et al. Benefits of Heated and Humidified High Flow Nasal Oxygen for Preoxygenation in Morbidly Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Obes Bariatrics. 2014;1(1): 7.
  33. Patel A., Nouraei S.A.R. Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE): a physiological method of increasing apnoea time in patients with difficult airways. Anaesthesia 2015;70:323-9.
  34. Badiger S., John M., Fearnley R.A., Ahmad I. Optimizing oxygenation and intubation conditions during awake fibre-optic intubation using a high-flow nasal oxygendelivery system. Br J Anaesth 2015;115:629-32.
  35. Tanoubi I, Drolet P, Donati F. Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Can J Anaesth 2009; 56: 449–66.
  36. Ramachandran SK, Cosnowski A, Shanks A, Turner CR. Apneic oxygenation during prolonged laryngoscopy in obese patients: a randomized, controlled trial of nasal oxygen administration. J Clin Anesth 2010; 22: 164-8.
  37. Cohn A.I., Zornow M.H. Awake endotracheal intubation in patients with cervical spine disease: A comparison of the Bullard laryngoscope and the fiberoptic bronchoscope. Anesth Analg 1995; 81:1283–6.
  38. Ovassapian A., Krejcie T.C., Yelich S.J., Dykes M.H. Awake fibreoptic intubation in the patient at high risk of aspiration. Br J Anaesth 1989; 62:13–6.
  39. Smith C.E., Pinchak A.B., Sidhu T.S., Radesic B.P., Pinchak A.C., Hagen J.F.: Evaluation of tracheal intubation difficulty in patients with cervical spine immobilization: Fiberoptic (WuScope) versus conventional laryngoscopy. Anesthesiology 1999; 91:1253–9.
  40. Asai T., Eguchi Y., Murao K., Niitsu T., Shingu K. Intubating laryngeal mask for fibreoptic intubation–particularly useful during neck stabilization. Can J Anaesth 2000; 47:843–8.
  41. Asai T., Matsumoto H., Shingu K. Awake tracheal intubation through the intubating laryngeal mask. Can J Anaesth 1999; 46:182–4.
  42. Frappier J., Guenoun T., et al. Airway management using the intubating laryngeal mask airway for the morbidly obese patient. Anesth Analg 2003; 96:1510–5.
  43. Fukutome T., Amaha K., et al. Tracheal intubation through the LMA-Fastrach in patients with difficult airways. Anaesth Intensive Care 1998; 26:387–91.
  44. Nakazawa K., Tanaka N., Ishikawa S., Ohmi S., Ueki M., Saitoh Y., Makita K., Amaha K. Using the intubating laryngeal mask airway (LMA-Fastrach) for blind endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing cervical spine operation. Anesth Analg 1999; 89:1319–21.
  45. Palmer J.H., Ball D.R. Awake tracheal intubation with the intubating laryngeal mask in a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Anaesthesia 2000; 55:70–4.
  46. Dimitriou V.K., Zogogiannis I.D., Liotiri D.G. Awake tracheal intubation using the Airtraq laryngoscope: A case series. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2009; 53:964–7.
  47. Suzuki A., Toyama Y., Iwasaki H., Henderson J. Airtraq for awake tracheal intubation. Anaesthesia 2007; 62:746–7.
  48. Sze-Ying Thong, Theodore Gar-Ling Wong. Clinical Uses of the Bonfils Retromolar Intubation Fiberscope. Anesth Analg. 2012 Oct; 115(4):855-66.
  49. Takahata O., Kubota M., Mamiya K., et al. The efficacy of the ‘‘BURP’’ maneuver during a difficult laryngoscopy. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 419-21.
  50. Levitan R.M., Mechem C.C., Ochroch E.A., Shofer F.S., Hollander J.E. Headelevated laryngoscopy position: improving laryngeal exposure during laryngoscopy by increasing head elevation. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 41: 322-30.
  51. Hasegawa K, Shigemitsu K, Hagiwara Y, et al. Association between repeated intubation attempts and adverse events in emergency departments: an analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study. Ann Emerg Med 2012; 60:749–54.
  52. Lewis S.R., Butler A.R., Parker J., Cook T.M., Schofield-Robinson O.J., Smith A.F. Videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy for adult patients requiring tracheal intubation: a Cochrane Systematic Review. Br J Anaesth. 2017 Sep 1;119(3):369-383. doi: 10.1093/bja/aex228.
  53. Marouf H.M., Khalil N. (2017) A Randomized Prospective Study Comparing CMac D-Blade, Airtraq, and Fiberoptic Bronchoscope for Intubating Patients with Anticipated Difficult Airway. J Anesth Clin Res 8: 766. DOI: 10.4172/2155-6148.1000766.
  54. Pieters B.M., Maas E.H., Knape J.T., van Zundert A.A. Videolaryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy use by experienced anaesthetists in patients with known difficult airways: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Anaesthesia. 2017 Dec;72(12):1532-1541. doi: 10.1111/anae.14057. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
  55. Koh J.C., Lee J.S., Lee Y.W., Chang C.H. Comparison of the laryngeal view during intubation using Airtraq and Macintosh laryngoscopes in patients with cervical spine immobilization and mouth opening limitation. Korean J Anesthesiol 2010; 59:314–8.
  56. Lim Y., Yeo S.W. A comparison of the GlideScope with the Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in patients with simulated difficult airway. Anaesth Intensive Care 2005; 33:243–7.
  57. Malik M.A., Subramaniam R., et al. Randomized controlled trial of the Pentax AWS, Glidescope, and Macintosh laryngoscopes in predicted difficult intubation. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:761–8.
  58. Serocki G., Bein B., Scholz J., Dörges V. Management of the predicted difficult airway: A comparison of conventional blade laryngoscopy with video-assisted blade laryngoscopy and the GlideScope. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010; 27:24–30.
  59. Aziz M.F., Dillman D., Fu R., Brambrink A.M. Comparative effectiveness of the C-MAC video laryngoscope versus direct laryngoscopy in the setting of the predicted difficult airway. Anesthesiology 2012; 116:629–36.
  60. Enomoto Y., Asai T., Arai T., Kamishima K., Okuda Y. Pentax- AWS, a new videolaryngoscope, is more effective than the Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in patients with restricted neck movements: A randomized comparative study. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:544–8.
  61. Jungbauer A., Schumann M., Brunkhorst V., Börgers A., Groeben H. Expected difficult tracheal intubation: A prospective comparison of direct laryngoscopy and video laryngoscopy in 200 patients. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:546–50.
  62. Jabre P., Combes X., Leroux B., et al. Use of gum elastic bougie for prehospital difficult intubation.AmJ Emerg Med 2005; 23: 552-5.
  63. Nolan J.P., Wilson M.E. Orotracheal intubation in patients with potential cervical spine injuries. An indication for the gum elastic bougie. Anaesthesia 1993; 48:630-3.
  64. Bhatnagar S., Mishra S., Jha R.R., Singhal A.K., Bhatnagar N. The LMA Fastrach facilitates fibreoptic intubation in oral cancer patients. Can J Anaesth 2005; 52:641–5.
  65. Shung J., Avidan M.S., Ing R., Klein D.C., Pott L. Awake intubation of the difficult airway with the intubating laryngeal mask airway. Anaesthesia 1998; 53:645–9.
  66. Parnell J.D., Mills J. Awake intubation using fast-track laryngeal mask airway as an alternative to fiberoptic bronchoscopy: A case report. AANA J 2006; 74:429–31.
  67. Mao Xu, Xiao-Xi Li, Xiang-Yang Guo, Jun Wang. Shikani Optical Stylet versus Macintosh Laryngoscope for Intubation in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Cervical Spondylosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin Med J Engl) 2017 Feb 5; 130(3): 297– 302. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.198926
  68. Ainsworth Q.P., Howells T.H. Transilluminated tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 1989; 62:494–7.
  69. Hung O.R., Pytka S., et al. Lightwand intubation: II–Clinical trial of a new lightwand for tracheal intubation in patients with difficult airways. Can J Anaesth 1995; 42:826–30.
  70. Kuo Y.W., Yen M.K., Cheng K.I., Tang C.S. Lightwand-guided endotracheal intubation performed by the nondominant hand is feasible.Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2007 Oct;23(10):504-10.
  71. Weis F.R., Hatton M.N. Intubation by use of the light wand: Experience in 253 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1989; 47:577–80; discussion 581.
  72. Wilson W.M., Smith A.F. The emerging role of awake videolaryngoscopy in airway management. Anaesthesia. 2018 Sep;73(9):1058-1061. doi: 10.1111/anae.14324. Epub 2018 May 23.
  73. Alhomary M., Ramadan E., Curran E., Walsh S.R. Videolaryngoscopy vs. fibreoptic bronchoscopy for awake tracheal intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia. 2018 Sep;73(9):1151-1161. doi: 10.1111/anae.14299. Epub 2018 Apr 17.
  74. Moore A.R., Schricker T., Court O. Awake videolaryngoscopy-assisted tracheal intubation of the morbidly obese. Anaesthesia. 2012 Mar;67(3):232-5. doi: 10.1111/j.13652044.2011.06979.x.
  75. Mahrous R.S., Ahmed A.M. The Shikani Optical Stylet as an Alternative to Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in Patients at Risk of Secondary Cervical Spine Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2018 Oct;30(4):354-358. doi: 10.1097/ANA.0000000000000454.
  76. Vinayagam S., Dhanger S., Tilak P., Gnanasekar R. C-MAC® video laryngoscope with D-BLADE™ and Frova introducer for awake intubation in a patient with parapharyngeal mass. Saudi J Anaesth. 2016;10(4):471-473.
  77. Hegazy A.A., Kawally H., Ismail E.F., Abedlmabood M.A., Mandour U.A. Comparison between fiberoptic bronchoscope versus C-MAC video-laryngoscope for awake intubation in obese patients with predicted difficult airway. Res Opin Anesth Intensive Care 2018;5:134-40.
  78. Frerk C., Mitchell V.S., McNarry A.F., Mendonca C., Bhagrath R., Patel A., O'Sullivan E.P., Woodall N.M., Ahmad I. Difficult Airway Society intubation guidelines working group.Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults. Br J Anaesth. 2015 Dec;115(6):827-48. doi: 10.1093/bja/aev371. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
  79. Ferson D.Z., Rosenblatt W.H., Johansen M.J., Osborn .I, Ovassapian A.. Use of the intubating LMA-Fastrach in 254 patients with difficult-to-manage airways. Anesthesiology 2001; 95: 1175-81.
  80. Jeon H.K., So Y.K., Yang J.H., Jeong H.S. Extracorporeal oxygenation support for curative surgery in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma invading the trachea. J Laryngol Otol 2009; 123: 807-10ю
  81. Sendasgupta C., Sengupta G., Ghosh K., Munshi A., Goswami A. Femorofemoral cardiopulmonary bypass for the resection of an anterior mediastinal mass. Indian J Anaesth 2010; 54: 565-8.
  82. Neelakanta G. Cricoid pressure is effective in preventing esophageal regurgitation. Anesthesiology 2003; 99: 242.
  83. Difficult Airway Society Extubation Guidelines Group, Popat M., Mitchell V., Dravid R., Patel A., Swampillai C., Higgs A. Difficult Airway Society Guidelines for the management of tracheal extubation. Anaesthesia. 2012 Mar;67(3):318-40. doi: 10.1111/j.13652044.2012.07075.x.
  84. Schnell D., Planquette B., Berger A., et al. Cuff Leak Test for the Diagnosis of Post-Extubation Stridor. J Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan 1:885066617700095. doi:10.1177/0885066617700095. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28343416.
  85. Keeratichananont W., Limthong T., Keeratichananont S. Cuff leak volume as a clinical predictor for identifying post-extubation stridor. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012 Jun;95(6):752- 5.
  86. Cook T. M., MacDougall-Davis S. R. Complications and failure of airway management, BJA: British Journal of Anaesthesia, Volume 109, Issue suppl_1, 1 December 2012, Pages i68–i85, https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes393.
  87. Hubble MW, Wilfong DA, Brown LH, Hertelendy A, Benner RW. A metaanalysis of prehospital airway control techniques part II: alternative airway devices and cricothyrotomy success rates. Prehosp Emerg Care 2010; 14: 515–30.
  88. Hubert V, Duwat A, Deransy R, Mahjoub Y, Dupont H. Effect of simulation training on compliance with difficult airway management algorithms, technical ability, and skills retention for emergency cricothyrotomy. Anesthesiology 2014; 120:999–1008.
  89. Cook T.M., Woodall N., Frerk C. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the 4th National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1 Anaesthesia, Br J Anaesth , 2011, vol. 106 (pg. 617-31).
  90. Takayesu J.K., Peak D., Stearns D. Cadaver-based training is superior to simulation training for cricothyrotomy and tube thoracostomy. Intern Emerg Med 2017; 12:99– 102.
  91. Cooper RM, Khan SM. Extubation and reintubation of the difficult airway. In: Hagberg CA, editor. Benumof and Hagberg’s Airway Management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:Elsevier-Saunders; 2012. p. 1018-46
  92. Cooper R.M. The use of an endotracheal ventilation catheter in the management of difficult extubations. Can J Anaesth 1996; 43: 90-3.
  93. Duggan L.V., Law J.A., Murphy M.F. Brief review: Supplementing oxygen through an airway exchange catheter: efficacy, complications, and recommendations. Can J Anesth 2011; 58: 560-8. 152.
  94. Higgs A., Swampillai C., Dravid R., et al. Re-intubation over airway exchange catheters – mind the gap (letter). Anaesthesia 2010; 65: 859-60.
  95. Bergold M.N., Kahle S., Schultzik T., Bücheler M., Byhahn C. Intubating laryngeal tube suction disposable: Initial clinical experiences with a novel device for endotracheal intubation. Anaesthesist. 2016 Jan;65(1):30-35. doi: 10.1007/s00101-015-0100-0. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
  96. Manpreet Singh, Dheeraj Kapoor, Lakesh Anand & Ankit Sharma (2018) Intubating laryngeal tube suction device (iLTS-D) requires ‘Mandheeral 1 and Mandheeral 2’ manoeuvres for optimum ventilation, Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 24:2, 63-64, DOI: 10.1080/22201181.2018.1436031.
  97. Ott T., Fischer M., Limbach T., Schmidtmann I., Piepho T., Ruediger R. Noppens. The novel intubating laryngeal tube (iLTS-D) is comparable to the intubating laryngeal mask (Fastrach) – a prospective randomised manikin study. Emergency Medicine. 2015;23:44.
  98. Cook T.M., Kelly F.E. Time to abandon the ‘vintage’ laryngeal mask airway and adopt second-generation supraglottic airway devices as first choice. Br J Anaesth 2015;115:497- 9.
  99. Ying GUO, Yufang FENG, Hui LIANG, Rubo ZHANG, Xiaolan CAI, Xinliang PAN. Role of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy in predicting difficult intubation. Minerva Anestesiologica 2018 March;84(3):337-45.DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.12144-9.
  100. Rosenblatt W., Ianus A.I., Sukhupragarn W., Fickenscher A., Sasaki C. Preoperative endoscopic airway examination (PEAE) provides superior airway information and may reduce the use of unnecessary awake intubation. Anesth. Analg 2011;112:602-7.
  101. Gätke MR, Wetterslev J. Danish Anaesthesia Database. documented previous difficult tracheal intubation as a prognostic test for a subsequent difficult tracheal intubation in adults. Anaesthesia 2009;64:1081-8.
  102. Kanaya N, Kawana S, Watanabe H, Niiyama Y, Niiya T, Nakayama M, et al. The utility of three-dimensional computed tomography in unanticipated difficult endotracheal intubation. Anesth Analg 2000;91:752-4.

Для продолжения работы требуется вход / регистрация